THE POSSIBLE ADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN BORN
FOLLOWING IN VITRO FERTILIZATION CAN HAVE THEIR EXPLANATION IN TERMS OF GREATER
RESISTANCE TO STRESS, FROM UNINTENTIONAL EUGENICS SELECTION.
Renato COCCHI, a neurologist and a medical
psychologist.
(Two other texts on this topic)
Summary.
Finding, in the children born from IVF,
of a trend to a taller height, and to a greater blood presence of GH and HDL
cholesterol (Miles 2005) can be justified with a reduced incretion of cortisol
in persons born from more resistant cells to the stress, selected by
unintentional eugenic in the IVF procedures mainly during the cryopreservation.
Key words: IVF, sperms, oocytes, embryos,
cryopreservation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, selection, resistance, aspecific
eugenics, Growth Hormone, cholesterol, cortisol, pregnenolone.
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" What occurs in the oocytes, in the
sperms and in the embryos all frozen to at least -196 C degrees in liquid
nitrogen, by now it is a well-known fact ( Aitken and Krausz, 2001; Bedaiwy et
al, 2002; Connell, McClure, Lewis, 2002; Han and Bischoff, 2004; Parks, 1997).
Very much fail and malformations from in
vitro fertilization can have this origin (CDCP, 1997). We have not only the
alive and health cell or the dead cell, but even the cell that lives but it is
bad functioning, then ill (Cocchi, 2005).
Since the phenomenon of apoptosis shows a
different cellular resistance, and since it comes out in conditions of
oxydative stress, it follows that they are the more fragile cells, the less
resistant, which die as first in such condition.
Of fact the cryopreservation leads to
aspecific eugenics, limited to the genetic ability of answering to the stress.
The more resistant cells preserve themselves from the stress, either sperms, or
oocytes or embryos, which will transmit their better resistance to the unborn
child, then newborn. Cocchi, 2005)".
After I wrote this text, I read the
epidemiological investigations of Miles (2005), for which the children born
after IVF would be average taller and would have more HDL cholesterol, the so
called "good cholesterol".
This is a summary of what referred on last 7
June to San Diego, CA, to the ENDO 2005, the 87th annual meeting of the
Endocrine Society.
H. Miles, of the university of Auckland in
New Zealand, compared 50 children of 6-7 years, born after IVF with 60 other
children as conceived in the natural way.
The children born after IVF incline to be
taller than who conceived in the natural way, when it is calculated what would
be their height grounding on that of the current age and on that of their
parents. Moreover, the children after IVF have higher levels of Growth Hormone
(GH) in the blood. Besides it, Miles found that the children born after IVF
used to have less cholesterol and higher HDL levels, the so called "good
cholesterol". There is in the IVF, according to this researcher, some
thing that alters the genes in a soft way. (Miles, 2005).
As usual, by ignoring the stress answers, we
are going to look for the cause without having in count the resistance that
runs even for the cells, as living organisms. As if, living in Florence and
wanting to go to Rome, we decided to pass throughout Alaska.
Since I am dealing by over 25 years of
stress answers (www.stress-cocchi.net), mainly in children with Down syndrome,
I easy understood the first positive result: Reduced stress answers, because a
higher threshold, mean reduced inhibition of the GH because of the reduced
incretion and reduced activity of the cortisol, the hormone produced as an
answer to the stress. The cortisol, in fact, inhibits the production of GH
meaning the mechanism of increased density of beta-adrenergic receptors, which
give origin to the adenil-cyclase stimulation and to the somatostatine release
(Devesa, Lima, and Tresguerres, 1882 ).
On other hand, investigations on the
relationship between weigh and height in Down children I treated by antistress
drugs had already done a glimpse on this possible relationship between stress and
height growing (Cercolani 1987; Cercolani, 1988, Cercolani 1989a and 1989b ).
First, I thought that it was a similar
mechanism even for the increase of the HDL cholesterol, but perhaps the thing
is thinner. The key seems the pregnenolone, a natural hormone produced in the
body from the cholesterol, and synthesized by the mitochondria. The
pregnenolone, which it is not a steroid hormone, is the precursor of all the
steroid hormones of the human body, including the FHEA, the progesterone, the
estrogens, the testosterone, the cortisone, the cortisol (the hormone of the
stress) and the aldosterone (Roberts, 1995).
It is not therefore difficult to presume
that if one person has a low tolerance threshold to stress, the answer of his
body implicates, always, a greater amount of cortisol, with increasing need of
the cholesterol for its production, via pregnenolone.
Vice versa, a greater threshold of tolerance
to the stress implicates reduced stress answers, smaller cortisol incretion,
and smaller need of cholesterol for its synthesis, with the safeguard even of
the HDL cholesterol.
Scoggin and Patterson (1982) wrote that the
presence of relatively many Down individuals can help in the understanding of
illnesses that affect both such subjects and normal individuals.
If the justification of Miles' results, as
here done, is right, we should have to find even in children born after IVF, as
in drug treated Downs, a smaller presence of symptoms of stress (see:
www.stress-cocchi.net/Down.htm), and first a reduced easiness to the upper
respiratory tract infections.
References.
Aitken RJ, Krausz C: Oxidative stress, DNA
damage and the Y chromosome -- Reproduction, 2001, 122: 497-506.
Bedaiwy MA, Goldberg JM, Falcone T, Singh M,
Nelson D, Azab H, Wang X and Rakesh Sharma R: Relationship between oxidative
stress and embryotoxicity of hydrosalpingeal fluid. Human Reproduction 2002,
17: 601-604.
CDCP (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. US Department of Health and Human Services): Assisted Reproductive
Technology Success Rates. National Summary and Fertility Clinic Reports 1997:
1-23.
Cercolani P. Il rapporto peso-altezza nel
bambino Down. Atti del Convegno: Risultati di 8 anni di terapia farmacologica
nel bambino Down. A cura di Cocchi R., Belacchi C., Cercolani P.) Gisstimmai,
Pesaro 1987: 127-137.
Cercolani P. Il rapporto peso/altezza nel
soggetto Down di sesso femminile non trattato con farmaci: Dati normativi. Riv.
It. Disturbo Intellet. 1988, 1: 193-198.
Cercolani P. Il rapporto peso/altezza nel
soggetto Down di sesso maschile non trattato con farmaci: Dati normativi. Riv.
It. Disturbo Intellet. 1989a, 2: 47-52.
Cercolani P. Il rapporto peso/altezza nel
bambino Down da 1 a 5 anni e i suoi riflessi sulla alimentazione nella scuola
materna. Riv. It. Disturbo Intellet. 1989b, 2: 218-224.
Cocchi R: In vitro fertilisation and stress.
May 2005 <www.stress-cocchi.net/Speculation7.htm>
Cocchi R. Stress and aspecific eugenics in
cryopreserved cells for in vitro fertilisation. June 2005, <www.stress-cocchi.net/speculation8.htm>.
Connell M, McClure N, Lewis SE: The effects
of cryopreservation on sperm morphology, motility and mitochondrial function.
2002 Hum. Rep. 2002, 17: 704-709.
Devesa J, Lima L, Tresguerres JAF:
Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion in humans. Trends Endocrinol
Metab. 1992, 3: 173-181.
Han B, Bischoff JC: Direct cell injury
associated with eutectic crystallization during freezing. Cryobiology 2004, 48:
8-21.
Inoue M, Sato EF, Nishikawa M, Hiramoto K,
Kashiwagi A, Utsumi K: Free radical theory of apoptosis and metamorphosis.
Redox Rep. 2004, 9: 237-247.
Miles H. In Vitro Fertilization' Kids May Be
Taller. ENDO 2005, 87mo Convegno annuale della Endocrine Society. Riportato da
Standard News Services 14 giugno 2005.
Parks JE: Hypothermia and mammalian gametes.
In: Reproductive Tissue Banking. Eds. Karow AM, Critser JK. 1997. Academic
Press. San Diego. Pp. 229-261.
Roberts, E. Pregnenolone. From Selye to
Alzheimer and a Model of the Pregnenolone Sulfate Binding Binding Site on the
GABA A Receptor. Biochemical Pharmacology 1995, 49: 1-16.
Scoggin C.H., Patterson D.: Down's syndrome
as a model disease. Arch. Internal Med. 1982, 142: 462-464.
Posted on Internet on 2 July 2005.
Copyright by Renato Cocchi 2005
Author's address: Renato Cocchi, via Rabbeno, 3
42100 Reggio Emilia
renatococchi@libero.it
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