STRESS AND ASPECIFIC EUGENICS IN
CRYOPRESERVED CELLS FOR IN VITRO FERTILISATION.
Renato COCCHI, a neurologist and a medical
psychologist.
(Two other texts on this topic)
Summary.
The oxidative stress from
cryopreservation drives to the death (apoptosis) for sperm, oocytes and
embryoes, leading to a maximum of about 20% the possibility of IVF with
pregnancy and birth, without pregraft diagnosis, and with a graft of three
embryos and to 73% when more embryos were grafted.
When a pregraft diagnosis is made, the
IVF successful possibilities reduced respectively to maximums of 10% or of
13.5%. Of fact, the cryopreservation leads to a eugenic cellular selection,
allowing the survival of the only cells that are more resistant to the stress.
Key words: IVF, sperms, oocytes, embryos,
cryopreservation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, selection, resistance, aspecific
eugenenics.
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According to the Italian law no. 40/2004 on
the IVF, and with the maximum graft of three embryos, the probability of a
pregnancy to term is about 20%. With the "free" situation preceding
such a law and with more of three grafted embryos, such probability comes
through about 27%, but mostly at expenses of the future mother's health and
that of the children, in a birth of more than a triplets set with very low
weigh at the delivery (Kyllerman and Hagberg, 1983).
On the contrary: Eighty percent of failures
and fewer health hazards for the woman occur, or 73% of failures + the risks
for the woman and for the possible birth of more than a set of triplets.
With the pregraft diagnosis, forbidden as
routinely in Italy by the law 40/2004, it results that there is till to a
maximum of 50% (even only 15%) of possibilities that the embryo, to which a
cell was ripped for the diagnosis, survives to the related physical-surgical
stress and it can therefore be grafted, going to a birth. If it doesn't survive
or it is a carrier of genetic illness, we need to restart again. At best, then,
we arrive, in this situation, to more of the 86% of failures, with graft of
more than three embryos.
In fact, the ability of reacting to stress
has always even a genetic component. It is exactly an answer of stress, the
progressive death of single cells (apoptosis) of an organ or tissue, in certain
metabolic conditions, as for an example: In internal oxidative stress (Inoue et
al., 2004) and the death is an answer to stress.
Since the interested cells do not die
together, but they are extinguishing one at a time, points up that, being equal
the stress eliciting cause, the deferred death should be due to different
cellular resistance to the stress (Cocchi, 2005.)
The cool is a more powerful stress producing
agents, used in laboratory experiments, for research on stress, and it is
dealing with temperatures that turn about to zero C degrees.
What occurs in the oocytes, in the sperms
and in the embryos all frozen to at least -196 C degrees in liquid nitrogen, by
now it is a well-known fact ( Aitken and krausz, 2001; Bedaiwy et al, 2002;
Connell, McClure, Lewis, 2002; Han and Bischoff, 2004; Parks, 1997).
Very much fail and malformations from in
vitro fertilization can have this origin (CDCP, 1997). We have not only the
alive and health cell or the dead cell, but even the cell that lives but it is
bad functioning, then ill (Cocchi, 2005.)
Since the phenomenon of apoptosis shows a
different cellular resistance, and since it comes out in conditions of
oxydative stress, it follows that they are the more fragile cells, the less
resistant, which die as first in such condition.
Of fact the cryopreservation leads to
aspecific eugenics, limited to the genetic ability of answering to the stress.
The more resistant cells preserve themselves from the stress, either sperms, or
oocytes or embryos, which will transmit their better resistance to the unborn
child, then newborn.
The many feared eugenics (vade retro, you
egenetist of the devil!) is already in part in action as totally attached to
the actual techniques of the in vitro fertilization.
Bibliografia.
Aitken RJ, Krausz C: Oxidative stress, DNA
damage and the Y chromosome -- Reproduction, 2001, 122: 497-506.
Bedaiwy MA, Goldberg JM, Falcone T, Singh M,
Nelson D, Azab H, Wang X and Rakesh Sharma R: Relationship between oxidative
stress and embryotoxicity of hydrosalpingeal fluid. Human Reproduction 2002,
17: 601-604.
CDCP (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. US Department of Health and Human Services): Assisted Reproductive
Technology Success Rates. National Summary and Fertility Clinic Reports 1997:
1-23.
Cocchi R: Fecondazione in vitro e stress.
Maggio 2005 <www.stress-cocchi.net/Speculation7-it.htm>
Connell M, McClure N, Lewis SE: The effects
of cryopreservation on sperm morphology, motility and mitochondrial function.
2002 Hum. Rep. 2002, 17: 704-709.
Han B, Bischoff JC: Direct cell injury
associated with eutectic crystallization during freezing. Cryobiology 2004, 48:
8-21.
Kyllerman M., Hagberg G.: Reduced optimality
in pre- and perinatal conditions in a Swedish newborn population.
Neuropediatrics 1983, 14; 37-42.
Inoue M, Sato EF, Nishikawa M, Hiramoto K,
Kashiwagi A, Utsumi K: Free radical theory of apoptosis and metamorphosis.
Redox Rep. 2004, 9: 237-247.
Parks JE: Hypothermia and mammalian gametes.
In: Reproductive Tissue Banking. Eds. Karow AM, Critser JK. 1997. Academic
Press. San Diego. Pp. 229-261.
Posted on Internet on 14 June 2005.
Copyright by Renato Cocchi 2005
Author's address: Renato Cocchi, via Rabbeno, 3
42100 Reggio Emilia
renatococchi@libero.it
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